Japanese Garden

Japanese gardens (日本庭園 nihon teien^?) are traditional gardens that create miniature idealized landscapes, often in a highly abstract and stylized way.^[1] The gardens of the Emperors and nobles were designed for recreation and aesthetic pleasure, while the gardens of Buddhist temples were designed for contemplation and meditation.

Japanese garden styles include karesansui, Japanese rock gardens or zen gardens, which are meditation gardens where white sand replaces water; roji, simple, rustic gardens with teahouses where the Japanese tea ceremony is conducted;kaiyū-shiki-teien, promenade or stroll gardens, where the visitor follows a path around the garden to see carefully composed landscapes; and tsubo-niwa, small courtyard gardens.

Japanese gardens were developed under the influences of the Chinese gardens,^[2] but gradually Japanese garden designers began to develop their own aesthetics, based on Japanese materials and Japanese culture. By the Edo period, the Japanese garden had its own distinct appearance.^[3] Since the end of the 19th century, Japanese gardens have also been adapted to Western settings.

Gardens of the Heian period (794–1185)

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  Osawa lake in Kyoto was part of the old imperial gardens of the Emperor Saga (809-823 AD).
 
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  Model of a residence and garden at Heian-kyō (Kyoto), around 1000 A.D.
 
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  A nineteenth-century scaled-down reconstruction of the Heian-jingū, the first Kyoto Imperial Palace Garden, as it was in 794 A.D..
 
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  Stepping stones in the garden of the first Kyoto Imperial Palace. These stones were originally part of a 16th century bridge over the Kamo River, which was destroyed by an earthquake.^[14]
 
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  Recreated garden of the old Kyoto Imperial Palace